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3G
is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000.
3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Additional features also include HSPA data transmission capabilities able to deliver speeds up to 14.4Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink
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High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.4 Mbit/s. Further speed increases are planned for the near future. The networks are then to be upgraded to Evolved HSPA, which provides speeds of 42 Mbit/s downlink in its first release.
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Evolved HSPA (also known as: HSPA Evolution, HSPA+, I-HSPA or Internet HSPA) is a 3G mobile data protocol defined in 3GPP release 7.
Besides other features like increased DL and UL data speed it introduces a 'flat architecture' for the network. Evolved HSPA provides HSPA data rates up to 42 Mbit/s on the downlink and 22 Mbit/s on the uplink with MIMO technologies and higher order modulation. Evolved HSPA should not be confused with HSOPA, a new radio protocol for 3GPP Long Term Evolution expected for 2008 or later.
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Evolved HSPA Specifies Flat Architecture
The flat architecture is an option within Evolved HSPA. However the legacy architecture is still possible with the Evolved HSPA. The 'flat architecture' communicates 'user plane' IP directly from the base station to the GGSN IP router system, using any available link technology. It is defined in 3GPP TR25.999. [2]. User IP data bypasses the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the SGSN of the previous 3GPP UMTS architecture versions. This is a major step towards the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) flat architecture as defined in the 3GPP standard Rel-8. You could say that the flat architecture makes the base station into an IP router. It connects to the Internet with cost effective modern IP link layer technologies like Ethernet, and for user plane data it is not tied to the SONET/SDH infrastructure or T1/E1 lines anymore.
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| What you can do with mfone 3G? It’s much more mobile. |
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